NEONATAL OUTCOME IN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS

Introduction The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally . 3 to 5 % of all pregnant women show glucose intolerance. Approximately 90% of these women have GDM.Infants born to diabetic mothers are prone to complications like congenital malformations and metabolic abnormalities.Most of these complications depend on maternal glycemic control which can be prevented by good periconceptional and prenatal care. This Aims and objectives study is taken up to evaluate complications occurring in infants of diabetic mothers and also to compare the outcome of infants of preGDM mothers and GDM mothers This is hospital based observational study done on infants of diabetic Methodology mothers admitted in NICU, KGH, Visakhapatnam Neonates of diabetic mothers who have other complications like heart disease, PIH, Pre eclampsia, twin gestation, etc. which may effect the baby adversely are excluded from study A total of Results 50 neonates are studied out of whom 37 neonates are born to mothers with gestational diabetes and 13 to mothers with overt diabetes . Mean birth weight of infants of GDM is 3.7kg. Hypoglycemia is more common in infants of GDM mothers than in overt DM. Congenital anamolies are seen in 14% of babies. Birth injures including clavicle fracture , erb's palsy are seen in 5 babies, all of then weighed >3.5kg and delivered by assisted vaginal delivery. Macrosomia,birth injuries and metabolic Conclusion complications are common in infants of GDM mothers than in infants of pre GDM mothers.This shows importance of timely screening of all pregnant women for GDM and counsel them regarding importance of glycemic control to prevent neonatal complications

Small interfering RNA for cancer treatment: overcoming hurdles in delivery

In many ways, cancer cells are different from healthy cells. A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells. Currently, nanotechnology-based delivery systems are the most promising tool to deliver DNA-based products to cancer cells. This review aims to highlight the latest development in the lipids and polymeric nanocarrier for siRNA delivery to the cancer cells. It also provides the necessary information about siRNA development and its mechanism of action. Overall, this review gives us a clear picture of lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems, which in the future could form the base to translate the basic siRNA biology into siRNA-based cancer therapies.

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effect of Essential Oil of Etlingera Fenzlii (Kurz) Skronick & M. Sabu (Zingiberaceae)

Background: Etlingera fenzlii (Kurz) Skronick & M. Sabu (Zingiberaceae), is an endemic species of theAndaman Nicobar Islands. Used by the nomadic tribes, shompens as honey bee repellent and also usedagainst malaria fever, gastrointestinal disorders, wherein the root and flower is boiled in water and used towash the uterus after child birth.Aim: The present study was aimed to investigate the essential oil of Etlingera fenzlii (EOEF) in ethanolinduced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats and silymarin was used as positive control.Methods: Standard drug (Silymarin), essential oil, ethanol were administered orally for 28 days. On 28th dayanimals were sacrificed and blood was collected for assessment of AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, albumin,globulin and histopathological changes in the liver of different groups were also studied.Results: Oral administration of ethanol significantly increased biochemical parameters such as AST, ALT,ALP levels and whereas reverse was observed with test compounds (Silymarin and essential oil).Histopathological studies further substantiate the hepatoprotective effect of E.fenzlii essential oil.Conclusion: Our observation indicates that essential oil of E.fenzlii shows hepatoprotective activity comparedto standard drug silymarin. The present study thus provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use ofE.fenzlii in the management of liver disorders.

Physicochemical characterization of garcinia gummi-gutta (l.) robs. seed oil

The objective of the present study involves the evaluation of physicochemical characteristics of the oil extracted from Garciniagummi-gutta seeds. The seed oil is yellowish brown coloured without any characteristic odour and it is solid at room temperature with a melting point of 39.8oC and 9.27% of moisture content. The refractive index of the seed oil was determined as 1.460. G. gummi-gutta seed oil is soluble in non-polar solvents and its pH was determined as 4.69. The parameters such as acid value, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value and ester value of G. gummi-gutta seed oil were determined by standard methods and they were 3.07±0.18 mg KOH/g oil, 185.94±0.32 mg KOH/g oil, 43.86±0.24 g/100 g oil, 3.47±0.18 meq/kg and 182.87±0.55 respectively. The results showed that the acid value, saponification value and peroxide value of G. gummi-gutta seed oil are within the range of edible oils. The present study points out that G. gummi-gutta seeds can be used as an alternate source for edible oil. Detailed nutritional and anti-nutritional studies of the seed oil are warranted to confirm its edibility

Diabetic ketoacidosis with Ebstein's anomaly in an adult

Ebstein's anomaly is a rare form of congenital malformation of the heart, characterized by apical displacement of the septal and posterior tricuspid valve leaflets, leading to atrialisation of the right ventricle with a variable degree of malformation and displacement of the anterior leaflet. It may not be detected until late in adolescence or adulthood. The clinical manifestations of Ebstein's anomaly vary greatly. We are reporting a case of 35-year male who presented with generalized fatigue, palpitation and effort intolerance. Laboratory investigations confirmed the diagnosis of diabetes ketosis. Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe Ebstein's anomaly with severe tricuspid regurgitation, no residual atrial septal defect, but with severe right ventricular dysfunction. Though only few studies showed the high prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in young adult patients with complex congenital heart disease, but Epstein's anomaly with diabetes ketosis was nowhere mentioned

Antioxidants and lipid peroxidation status in diabetic patients with and without complications

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, 68 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 31 clinically healthy individuals were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 29 patients without diabetic complications and group 2 consisted of 39 patients with diabetic complications. Erythrocyte glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels as well as plasma antioxidant vitamins C and E, and serum total glutathione-S-transferase, ceruloplasmin, and protein thiols were estimated by using spectro-photometer. A significant decrease of erythrocyte glutathione was observed in group 1 when compared with the controls. Thiols decreased in group 2. An increase in glutathione-S-transferase, ceruloplasmin, superoxide dismutase, and vitamins C and E levels was noted in patients with diabetes mellitus. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels decreased in group 1 but increased in group 2 when compared with the controls. In the present study, tendency of most of the antioxidants to rise in diabetes could probably be due to an adaptive response to the pro-oxidant milieu of the diabetic state. Hence, we suggest that supplementation with dietary antioxidants especially antioxidant vitamins accompanied by change in lifestyle might help to reduce damage brought about by free radical toxicity in diabetes mellitus

Esophageal stricture following electrical injury.

Esophageal injury resulting from electrical shock is rare. Stricture of esophagus following external electrical injury has not been reported yet. We report a 24-year-old electric lineman who developed esophageal stricture following external electrical shock. He responded to dilatation with Savary-Gilliard dilators.

Microbiologically influenced corrosion in dairy effluent

In the dairy industry mild steel is used as the construction material for the effluent treatment plants, pipelines, reinforcement in concrete structures etc. The steel exposed to the dairy effluent faces corrosion due to the microbes. In the present study the role of microbes in dairy effluent on the corrosion of mild steel has been investigated. Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Neisseria sp. and Lactobacillus sp. were identified in dairy effluent. Corrosion rate has been estimated by weight loss measurements and polarization technique. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR] and X-ray diffractometer [XRD] studies were found helpful in investigating the chemical pathway leading to the formation of corrosion products on the mild steel during fermentation. Initiation of pitting corrosion was noticed on steel specimens by scanning electron microscope [SEM]. A mechanism has been proposed for microbiologically influenced corrosion in dairy effluent